United States National Defense Service Medal.

Description:
The National Defense Service Medal is a United States military service medal first established by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953. It is awarded to members of the U.S. Armed Forces who served honorably during specific designated periods of national emergency or armed conflict. The medal recognizes service rather than individual acts of valor, symbolizing a commitment to the defense of the nation during times of war.

Eligibility Periods:

• Korean War: June 27, 1950 – July 27, 1954

• Vietnam War: January 1, 1961 – August 14, 1974

• Gulf War: August 2, 1990 – November 30, 1995

• Global War on Terrorism: September 11, 2001 – December 31, 2022

Design:

• Obverse: Features an American bald eagle with inverted wings, perched on a sword and palm branch, symbolizing strength and readiness.

• Reverse: Displays the United States shield flanked by an oak leaf and laurel, representing honor and achievement.

• Ribbon: A red base with narrow yellow, white, and blue stripes — representing the United States and its commitment to national defense.

Significance:
The NDSM is often the first medal awarded to new service members entering active duty during wartime. For Vietnam veterans such as John C. Roybal, the medal signifies honorable service during one of the most turbulent conflicts in American history. Nearly all who served during the Vietnam era were authorized this decoration, making it one of the most widely awarded U.S. service medals.